Portuguese nouns and their genders checklist

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portuguese nouns and their genders checklist
A noun is a part of speech that describes a thing, person, place, event, concept or other substance or entity. Nouns in Portuguese are either masculine or feminine; the neuter, or genderless noun, has died out. In a great number of cases, it is usually possible to tell the gender of the noun from its ending. This document indicates whether a noun, or subset of nouns, are masculine or feminine, together with other groups of nouns which take an invariable masculine or feminine form, but may refer to persons or other entities of either gender.

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FEMININE NOUNS

The following endings denote a feminine noun.
Nouns ending in –ade and –ude:
A amizade friendship

A igualdade equality

A piedade pity

A prioridade priority

A nacionalidade nationality

A tranquilidade tranquillity

A universidade university

A juventude youth

A virtude virtue
Nouns ending in –gem:
A engrenagem gear (of car)

A ferragem hardwear

A folhagem foliage

A homenagem tribute, homage

A malandragem double-dealing, cunning

A margem margin

A paragem stop

A viagem journey
Nouns ending in –ção, -são, -stão or –gião, corresponding to the English endings –tion, -sion, -stion, -gion.
A erudição learning

A ilustração illustration

A imitação imitation

A intenção intention

A nação nation

A posição position

BUT: O coração heart
A decisão decision

A evasão evasion

A ilusão illusion
A combustão combustion

A congestão congestion

A religião religion

A região region
Nouns ending in -cie:
A imundície filth

A meninice childhood

A planície plain

A superfície surface

A velhice old age
Feminine nouns which refer to entities of either gender
The following nouns are invariably feminine, but may apply to either gender.

A besta beast, animal

A criança child

A pessoa person

A testemunha witness

A vítima victim

MASCULINE NOUNS

As a general rule, nouns ending in unstressed –o are masculine:
O amigo male friend O marido husband

O carro car O tio uncle

O ano year O primo cousin
An exception to this rule is a tribo (tribe) and a foto (photo)

Masculine nouns ending in -a

There are several groups of masculine nouns which end in the vowel –a.

1. Firstly, there are a number of nouns which end in unstressed

-a. The ones you are most likely to come across are:
O dia day O planeta planet

O mapa map O guia guide
2. Nouns which end in stressed –a, indicated by either the acute

accent or tilde, are also, as a general rule, masculine. Some

examples are:
O chá tea

O guaraná Brazilian herb and soft drink

O pá mate, shovel

O sofá sofa

O galã leading man

O imã magnet

O talismã talisman

O cardigã cardigan

O sutiã brassiere (Braz.)
NOTE: A maçã apple

A lã wool
3. Words which derive directly from the Greek ending in -ma

are also masculine:

O drama drama

O sistema system

O diagrama diagram

O programa programme

O clima climate

O telefonema telephone call

O miasma decay

NOTE: Watch out for: A fama fame

A chama flame
Other masculine noun endings
1. As a general rule, nouns ending in –me are masculine:
O legume vegetable

O volume volume

O cume top, summit

O lume fire or light

O queixume lament

O costume custom

O uniforme uniform
O nome name
O exame exam
NOTE: watch out for a fome hunger

a vexame shame, disgrace
2. As a general rule, nouns which end in –r are masculine:
O prazer pleasure

O motor motor

O andar floor, storey

O ar air

O ardor ardour, passion

O aspirador vacuum cleaner

O mar sea

O prazer pleasure

O colar necklace

O humor humour

O lar home

O furor fury, rage

O par pair, couple
NOTE: a dor pain

a mulher woman

a colher spoon
3. Nouns which end in –l are masculine:
O caracol snail

O canil kennel

O casal couple

O fossil fossil

O anel ring

O futebol football

O fuzil rifle

O hospital hospital

O têxtil textile

O réptil reptile

O perfil profile

O lençol sheet

O painel panel, picture

O papel paper

O mel honey
4. Nouns ending in –m are masculine:
O patim skate

O jardim garden

O capim grass

O talharim tagliatelle or noodles
Masculine and feminine nouns ending in –e, ão and -z
In the case of nouns ending in –e, -ão and –z it is not always possible to tell the gender simply by looking at the endings. Some of the most common nouns in these categories are shown below.

Nouns ending in –e

MASCULINE

FEMININE

O peixe fish

O cárcere prison

O cheque cheque

O desfile procession

O envelope envelope

O esmalte nail polish

O ente being

O estresse (Br.) stress

O gabinete office

O chicote whip

O limite limit

O monte hill, pile

O leste east

O resgate ransom

O pé foot

O recorte cutting, clip

O sangue blood

O satellite satellite

O traje dress, suit

NOTE:

O parente relative

A frase sentence

A tarde afternoon

A frente front

A gafe gaffe

A greve strike

A lente lens

A massacre massacre

A maré tide

A mercê mercy

Masculine nouns which refer to entities of either gender
The following nouns are invariably masculine, but may apply to either gender.

O animal animal

O anjo angel

O cônjuge spouse

O indivíduo individual

Nouns ending in –ão
Nouns ending in –ão (NOT ção or são) can be masculine or feminine.

MASCULINE

FEMININE

O avião aeroplane

O escorregão slip-up

O pão bread

O travão brake

O trovão thunder

O volcão volcano

A escuridão darkness

A escravidão slavery

A mão hand

A vastidão immensity

Nouns ending in –z

MASCULINE	FEMININE
O xerez sherry O arroz rice O cartaz poster, bill O xadrez chess	A luz light A maciez softness A matriz womb, mould A palidez paleness

Some irregular feminine and masculine nouns:

relatives, professions, titles, nationalities, animals

MASCULINE	NOUN	FEMININE
O judeu O europeu O alemão O catalão	Jew European German Catalan	A judeia A europeia A alemã A catalã
O pai O avô O marido O sogro O genro O irmão O padrasto O rapaz	Father Grandfather/grandmother Husband/wife Father-in-law Son-in-law/daughter-in-law Brother/sister Stepfather/stepmother Boy/girl	A mãe A avó A esposa A sogra A genra A irmã A madrasta A rapariga (Pt)
O ator O embaixador A monge O poeta O juiz O campeão O herói O cidadão	Actor/actress Ambassador Monk/nun Poet Judge Champion Hero Citizen	A atriz A embaixatriz A monja A poetisa A juiza A campeã A heroina A cidadã
O rei O príncipe O duque O conde O barão O cavaleiro	King/queen Prince/princess Duke/duchess Count/countess Baron/baroness Gentleman/lady	A rainha A princesa A duquesa A condesa A baronesa A dama
O boi O galo O cão	Bull/cow Cock/hen Dog/bitch	A vaca A galinha A cadela or a cachorra (Br.)

Nouns which are invariable in gender
Another group of nouns, referring to profession, status or nationalities are invariable, that is, they don’t change whether the person they are referring to is male or female. Gender is indicated by the definite article o or a or the indefinite article um or uma.

o/a camarada o/a carioca o/a colega o/a indígena o/a guia o/a patriota	comrade native of Rio de Janeiro colleague, classmate indigenous person guide patriot
o/a homicídio o/a suicídio	homicide, murdered person suicide
o/a burocrata o/a democrata	bureaucrat democrat
o/a canadense o/a estadunense o/a timorense	Canadian native of the United states of America native of East Timor
o/a artista o/a motorista o/a taxista o/a tenista	artist driver taxi driver tennis player
o/a estudante o/a cliente o/a doente o/a gerente	student client, customer invalid, ill person boss, manager
o/a cadete o/a intérprete	cadet interpreter
o/a jovem	young person

Margaret Anne Clarke

2014

Catálogo: 3411

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Portuguese nouns and their genders checklist

A igualdade equality

A universidade university

A juventude youth

A homenagem tribute, homage

A intenção intention

A congestão congestion

A religião religion

Masculine nouns ending in -a

O imã magnet

O talismã talisman

O clima climate

O telefonema telephone call

O miasma decay

Nouns ending in –e

MASCULINE

FEMININE

O cheque cheque

O limite limit

O leste east

O sangue blood

O satellite satellite

O traje dress, suit

A mercê mercy

MASCULINE

FEMININE

O avião aeroplane

O escorregão slip-up

A escuridão darkness

A escravidão slavery

Nouns ending in –z

MASCULINE

FEMININE

MASCULINE

FEMININE

O judeu

O europeu

O alemão

O catalão

A judeia

A europeia

A alemã

A catalã

O pai

O avô

O marido

O sogro

O genro

O irmão

O padrasto

O rapaz

A mãe

A avó

A esposa

A sogra

A genra

A irmã

A madrasta

A atriz

A embaixatriz

A monja

A poetisa

A juiza

A campeã

A heroina

A cidadã

O rei

O príncipe

O duque

O conde

O barão

O cavaleiro

A rainha

A princesa

A duquesa

A condesa

A baronesa

A dama

O boi

O galo